A New Blueprint for a Green Economy by Barbier Edward B.;Markandya Anil; & Anil Markandya

Author:Barbier, Edward B.;Markandya, Anil; & Anil Markandya [Edward B. Barbier]
Language: eng
Format: epub
ISBN: 1209536
Publisher: Taylor & Francis Group

Taxes and charges for environmental services

Examples from developed countries

The application of charges for environmental services has been a major area of growth in the last quarter of a century. A range of pollution charges and some charges on the use of natural resources have been implemented in the more developed countries, as a national response to addressing environmental problems in an effective way. Table 6.1 summarizes the situation as of 2011 across a selection of the 34 OECD countries.3

Whereas when we wrote BGE only a handful of examples could be found, a wide range of tax instruments are now in use – we have identified 388 in total based on the classification used in Table 6.1. The most common applications are energy taxes and taxes on petroleum products (all 34 countries have them), followed by waste disposal levies and charges for water abstraction The motivations behind the instruments are essentially three: (1) raising revenue for public environment and related activities, (2) providing an incentive to reduce emissions and/or save on the use of natural resources, and (3) covering the costs of delivery of environment-related services (e.g. waste water collection and treatment). The most notable features of the system of charges are the following.

TABLE 6.1 Taxes and user charges related to the environment in selected OECD countries

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